Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Wheat

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops and plays a major role in global food security. Appropriate nutrient management is essential for achieving optimum wheat growth and yield. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers, applied individually and in combination, on the growth and yield performance of wheat. The experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design with seven fertilizer treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of an unfertilized control, farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost, recommended inorganic NPK fertilizer, FYM combined with 50% of the recommended NPK, vermicompost combined with 50% of the recommended NPK, and FYM combined with the recommended NPK. Growth parameters including plant height, number of tillers per plant, and chlorophyll status were recorded at different growth stages. Yield attributes including spike length, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, and biological yield were also evaluated. The illustrative results indicated that combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers produced superior growth and yield compared with either fertilizer source applied alone. The treatment receiving FYM plus recommended NPK produced the highest plant height, number of productive tillers, grains per spike, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield. Integrated nutrient management also improved soil organic matter and nutrient availability. The findings suggest that combining organic amendments with mineral fertilizers can improve wheat productivity while contributing to sustainable soil fertility management. However, the numerical results presented in this manuscript are illustrative and should be replaced by actual field observations before scientific publication.