Economic Analysis of Organic vs. Conventional Farming

Agriculture plays a crucial role in ensuring food security, economic development, and environmental sustainability. In recent decades, increasing concerns regarding environmental degradation, soil health, and food safety have led to growing interest in organic farming systems. Organic agriculture emphasizes natural inputs and ecological balance, whereas conventional farming relies heavily on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and intensive production practices. This article presents an economic analysis of organic and conventional farming systems by comparing production costs, profitability, market opportunities, environmental impacts, and long-term sustainability. The study highlights the strengths and limitations of both systems and provides insights for policymakers, researchers, and farmers seeking sustainable agricultural development.